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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
The Roots Of A Continent's Civil Wars
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
World Press Review, August 1991
Africa: The Roots of a Continent's Civil Wars
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By Reymer Kluver, "Suddeutsche Zeitung" (independent), Munich.
</p>
<p> The signing of the peace treaty ending the Angolan war had
symbolic value, with the new-found unity of the First and
Second worlds ending a conflict in the Third World. The message
was clear: The superpowers have grown tired of proxy wars in
the Third World, of lethal duels between their respective
clients. No more of them will be waged in the 1990s.
</p>
<p> In the more than 20 regional conflicts in the Third World,
the U.S. and Soviet Union are jointly seeking to get warring
parties to the negotiating table. But it would be wishful
thinking to imagine that the new cooperation between the Big
Two will end conflict in the Third World and usher in a new
world order. Most of Africa's clashes have domestic origins.
They are civil wars that for decades could be conveniently
ignored by seeing them in terms of East-West disputes. This is
demonstrated by the fighting in the Horn of Africa, which is
unlikely to end now that one superpower has pulled out, leaving
the other largely at a loss about how to deal with the ethnic
disputes that the conflict involves.
</p>
<p> It is both morally desirable and politically opportune to
undertake greater efforts to bring about detente in South-South
conflicts and to take the edge off North-South differences.
</p>
<p>-- Efforts must be intensified to find a framework in which the
superpowers' (and Europeans') efforts to mediate can be
institutionalized.
</p>
<p>-- Arms exports from North to South must be stopped and the
South-South arms trade regulated to make funds available to
meet basic needs.
</p>
<p>-- Development policy must be reoriented, with priority given to
meeting the basic needs of the masses in the Third World:
primary education, family planning, health care, sanitation, and
anti-poverty programs.
</p>
<p>-- The democratic movement in the Third World must be given
more encouragement.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>